Classical antiquity saw the rise of several empires that left a lasting impact on Palestine.
- Persian Empire: After the Babylonian exile, the Persian Empire, under Cyrus the Great, allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Second Temple. The region was under Persian rule for centuries.
- Hellenistic Period: Alexander the Great’s conquest of the Persian Empire brought Hellenistic influence to Palestine, leading to cultural exchanges and the spread of Greek culture.
- Roman Rule: In 63 BCE, Pompey the Great annexed Palestine to the Roman Republic. The region remained under Roman rule for several centuries, witnessing the life and crucifixion of Jesus Christ.
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